Add GpsPosition data class and NMEA RMC parser with tests

- GpsPosition: latitude, longitude, sog (knots), cog (degrees true), timestampMs
- NmeaParser.parseRmc: handles GP/GN talker IDs, void status, malformed input
- SOG/COG default to 0.0 when fields absent; S/W coords are negative
- 13 unit tests: GpsPositionTest (2), NmeaParserTest (11) — all GREEN

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

4 files changed, 241 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/android-app/app/src/main/kotlin/com/example/androidapp/gps/GpsPosition.kt b/android-app/app/src/main/kotlin/com/example/androidapp/gps/GpsPosition.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6df685b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/android-app/app/src/main/kotlin/com/example/androidapp/gps/GpsPosition.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.example.androidapp.gps
+
+data class GpsPosition(
+    val latitude: Double,   // degrees, positive = North
+    val longitude: Double,  // degrees, positive = East
+    val sog: Double,        // Speed Over Ground in knots
+    val cog: Double,        // Course Over Ground in degrees true (0-360)
+    val timestampMs: Long   // Unix millis UTC
+)
diff --git a/android-app/app/src/main/kotlin/com/example/androidapp/nmea/NmeaParser.kt b/android-app/app/src/main/kotlin/com/example/androidapp/nmea/NmeaParser.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1b186a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/android-app/app/src/main/kotlin/com/example/androidapp/nmea/NmeaParser.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package com.example.androidapp.nmea
+
+import com.example.androidapp.gps.GpsPosition
+import java.util.Calendar
+import java.util.TimeZone
+
+class NmeaParser {
+
+    /**
+     * Parses an NMEA RMC sentence and returns a [GpsPosition], or null if the
+     * sentence is void (status=V), malformed, or cannot be parsed.
+     *
+     * Supported talker IDs: GP, GN, and any other standard prefix.
+     * SOG and COG default to 0.0 when the fields are absent.
+     */
+    fun parseRmc(sentence: String): GpsPosition? {
+        if (sentence.isBlank()) return null
+
+        val body = if ('*' in sentence) sentence.substringBefore('*') else sentence
+        val fields = body.split(',')
+        if (fields.size < 10) return null
+
+        if (!fields[0].endsWith("RMC")) return null
+        if (fields[2] != "A") return null
+
+        val latStr = fields.getOrNull(3) ?: return null
+        val latDir = fields.getOrNull(4) ?: return null
+        val lonStr = fields.getOrNull(5) ?: return null
+        val lonDir = fields.getOrNull(6) ?: return null
+
+        val latitude = parseNmeaDegrees(latStr) * if (latDir == "S") -1.0 else 1.0
+        val longitude = parseNmeaDegrees(lonStr) * if (lonDir == "W") -1.0 else 1.0
+
+        val sog = fields.getOrNull(7)?.toDoubleOrNull() ?: 0.0
+        val cog = fields.getOrNull(8)?.toDoubleOrNull() ?: 0.0
+
+        val timestampMs = parseTimestamp(
+            timeStr = fields.getOrNull(1) ?: "",
+            dateStr = fields.getOrNull(9) ?: ""
+        )
+        if (timestampMs == 0L) return null
+
+        return GpsPosition(latitude, longitude, sog, cog, timestampMs)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts NMEA degree-minutes format (DDDMM.MMMM) to decimal degrees.
+     */
+    private fun parseNmeaDegrees(value: String): Double {
+        val raw = value.toDoubleOrNull() ?: return 0.0
+        val degrees = (raw / 100.0).toInt()
+        val minutes = raw - degrees * 100.0
+        return degrees + minutes / 60.0
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Combines NMEA time (HHMMSS.ss) and date (DDMMYY) into Unix epoch millis UTC.
+     * Returns 0 on any parse failure.
+     */
+    private fun parseTimestamp(timeStr: String, dateStr: String): Long {
+        return try {
+            val cal = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"))
+            cal.isLenient = false
+
+            if (dateStr.length >= 6) {
+                val day   = dateStr.substring(0, 2).toInt()
+                val month = dateStr.substring(2, 4).toInt() - 1
+                val yy    = dateStr.substring(4, 6).toInt()
+                val year  = if (yy < 70) 2000 + yy else 1900 + yy
+                cal.set(Calendar.YEAR, year)
+                cal.set(Calendar.MONTH, month)
+                cal.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, day)
+            }
+
+            if (timeStr.length >= 6) {
+                val hours   = timeStr.substring(0, 2).toInt()
+                val minutes = timeStr.substring(2, 4).toInt()
+                val seconds = timeStr.substring(4, 6).toInt()
+                val millis  = if (timeStr.length > 7) {
+                    val fracStr = timeStr.substring(7)
+                    (("0.$fracStr").toDoubleOrNull()?.times(1000.0))?.toInt() ?: 0
+                } else 0
+                cal.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, hours)
+                cal.set(Calendar.MINUTE, minutes)
+                cal.set(Calendar.SECOND, seconds)
+                cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, millis)
+            }
+
+            cal.timeInMillis
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            0L
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/android-app/app/src/test/kotlin/com/example/androidapp/gps/GpsPositionTest.kt b/android-app/app/src/test/kotlin/com/example/androidapp/gps/GpsPositionTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b2753c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/android-app/app/src/test/kotlin/com/example/androidapp/gps/GpsPositionTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package com.example.androidapp.gps
+
+import org.junit.Assert.*
+import org.junit.Test
+
+class GpsPositionTest {
+
+    @Test
+    fun `GpsPosition holds correct values`() {
+        val pos = GpsPosition(
+            latitude = 41.5,
+            longitude = -71.0,
+            sog = 5.2,
+            cog = 180.0,
+            timestampMs = 1_000L
+        )
+        assertEquals(41.5, pos.latitude, 0.0)
+        assertEquals(-71.0, pos.longitude, 0.0)
+        assertEquals(5.2, pos.sog, 0.0)
+        assertEquals(180.0, pos.cog, 0.0)
+        assertEquals(1_000L, pos.timestampMs)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `GpsPosition equality works as expected for data class`() {
+        val pos1 = GpsPosition(41.5, -71.0, 5.2, 180.0, 1_000L)
+        val pos2 = GpsPosition(41.5, -71.0, 5.2, 180.0, 1_000L)
+        val pos3 = GpsPosition(42.0, -70.0, 3.0, 90.0, 2_000L)
+
+        assertEquals(pos1, pos2)
+        assertNotEquals(pos1, pos3)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/android-app/app/src/test/kotlin/com/example/androidapp/nmea/NmeaParserTest.kt b/android-app/app/src/test/kotlin/com/example/androidapp/nmea/NmeaParserTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8a878a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/android-app/app/src/test/kotlin/com/example/androidapp/nmea/NmeaParserTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+package com.example.androidapp.nmea
+
+import org.junit.Assert.*
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+
+class NmeaParserTest {
+
+    private lateinit var parser: NmeaParser
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        parser = NmeaParser()
+    }
+
+    // $GPRMC,123519,A,4807.038,N,01131.000,E,022.4,084.4,230394,003.1,W*6A
+    // lat: 48 + 7.038/60 = 48.1173°N, lon: 11 + 31.000/60 = 11.51667°E
+    // SOG 22.4 kn, COG 84.4°
+
+    @Test
+    fun `valid RMC sentence parses latitude and longitude`() {
+        val sentence = "\$GPRMC,123519,A,4807.038,N,01131.000,E,022.4,084.4,230394,003.1,W*6A"
+        val pos = parser.parseRmc(sentence)
+        assertNotNull(pos)
+        assertEquals(48.1173, pos!!.latitude, 0.0001)
+        assertEquals(11.51667, pos.longitude, 0.0001)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `valid RMC sentence parses SOG and COG`() {
+        val sentence = "\$GPRMC,123519,A,4807.038,N,01131.000,E,022.4,084.4,230394,003.1,W*6A"
+        val pos = parser.parseRmc(sentence)
+        assertNotNull(pos)
+        assertEquals(22.4, pos!!.sog, 0.001)
+        assertEquals(84.4, pos.cog, 0.001)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `void status V returns null`() {
+        val sentence = "\$GPRMC,123519,V,4807.038,N,01131.000,E,,,230394,003.1,W"
+        assertNull(parser.parseRmc(sentence))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `malformed sentence with too few fields returns null`() {
+        assertNull(parser.parseRmc("\$GPRMC,123519,A"))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `empty string returns null`() {
+        assertNull(parser.parseRmc(""))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `non-RMC sentence returns null`() {
+        val sentence = "\$GPGGA,123519,4807.038,N,01131.000,E,1,08,0.9,545.4,M,46.9,M,,"
+        assertNull(parser.parseRmc(sentence))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `south latitude is negative`() {
+        // lat: -(42 + 50.5589/60) = -42.84265
+        val sentence = "\$GPRMC,092204.999,A,4250.5589,S,14718.5084,E,0.00,89.68,211200,,"
+        val pos = parser.parseRmc(sentence)
+        assertNotNull(pos)
+        assertTrue("South latitude must be negative", pos!!.latitude < 0)
+        assertEquals(-42.84265, pos.latitude, 0.0001)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `west longitude is negative`() {
+        // lon: -(11 + 31.000/60) = -11.51667
+        val sentence = "\$GPRMC,123519,A,4807.038,N,01131.000,W,022.4,084.4,230394,003.1,E"
+        val pos = parser.parseRmc(sentence)
+        assertNotNull(pos)
+        assertTrue("West longitude must be negative", pos!!.longitude < 0)
+        assertEquals(-11.51667, pos.longitude, 0.0001)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `SOG and COG parse with decimal precision`() {
+        val sentence = "\$GPRMC,093456,A,3352.1234,N,11801.5678,W,12.345,270.5,140326,,"
+        val pos = parser.parseRmc(sentence)
+        assertNotNull(pos)
+        assertEquals(12.345, pos!!.sog, 0.0001)
+        assertEquals(270.5, pos.cog, 0.0001)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `empty SOG and COG fields default to zero`() {
+        val sentence = "\$GPRMC,123519,A,4807.038,N,01131.000,E,,,230394,003.1,W"
+        val pos = parser.parseRmc(sentence)
+        assertNotNull(pos)
+        assertEquals(0.0, pos!!.sog, 0.001)
+        assertEquals(0.0, pos.cog, 0.001)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `GNRMC talker ID is also accepted`() {
+        val sentence = "\$GNRMC,123519,A,4807.038,N,01131.000,E,022.4,084.4,230394,003.1,W"
+        val pos = parser.parseRmc(sentence)
+        assertNotNull(pos)
+        assertEquals(48.1173, pos!!.latitude, 0.0001)
+    }
+}