# Tier 3 detection: what is known, and what the next desktop session should measure Written 2026-09-29, after getting both halves of the fingerprinting onto a device for the first time. The code is built, tested and running. **It has not yet confirmed an intro, an outro or a midroll for a real show**, and the reason is an open question rather than a known bug. This is the brief for answering it. The prototype is the right tool for this and the only one: it can hold a whole corpus in memory, plot correlations, and sweep parameters in seconds. Do not tune the constants from the app. **Update, later the same day:** the leading hypothesis below (the 8-second reference window being too wide for a ~6-second sting) is disproven. See "What the desktop session actually found" -- the production algorithm, run against real Up First audio at its real defaults, confirms cleanly on every pair tested, both ends. The mystery is now sharper, not solved: the identical algorithm works on desktop and reportedly found nothing on the phone. That gap is very unlikely to be in `DEFAULT_REFERENCE_SECONDS`, `MIN_SCORE`, `CONFIRM_THRESHOLD` or the resampler -- all four were checked directly -- which points at something specific to the on-device run itself (which episodes, in what order, whether each `FingerprintWorker` run actually completed) rather than at the signal-processing approach. Diagnosing that needs on-device state, which this sandbox cannot reach; see "What to check on the phone" at the end. --- ## What is settled **The pipeline runs on hardware.** `MediaCodecClipSource` decodes, `FingerprintWorker` completes SUCCESS per download, the re-decode path for the pending episode is exercised. This was never true before 2026-09-28 and two real defects were hiding behind it (below). **The confirmation threshold earns its place.** Three independently-fetched episodes must agree before a candidate is trusted. The original prototype found why: two Darknet Diaries episodes fetched minutes apart agreed on a segment that turned out to be a rotating inserted ad, not the show's intro. Everything below makes that trap *more* likely, not less. Do not lower it to make something confirm. **Storage limits are real and were learned the hard way.** Android reads every Room row through a CursorWindow that refuses anything over 2MB *on the way out* — the insert succeeds and the next read throws. A 240-second clip at 8kHz 16-bit is 3.84MB. Intro/outro pending clips are no longer stored at all (the episode id is, and the audio is re-decoded); midroll candidate clips live in files. `StoredClip` owns the limit and `StoredClipSizeTest` pins it. --- ## The finding that changes the problem **Dynamic ad insertion is not a detail; it is the environment.** Radiolab declares Grass Apes at `00:22:05`. Measured on two separate fetches of the same episode: **29:34 once, 27:39 another time.** The ads are stitched in per request, so: - the served file's length is not a property of the episode, - the ad *content* differs between two downloads of the same episode, - and anything at a fixed offset in one file is at a different offset in the next. `insertedAdMs` (declared vs measured) now exposes this per episode in the app. It is free, needs no audio analysis, and is the obvious cross-check on the detector: **whatever the midroll scan finds should add up to roughly that much.** If it finds 30 seconds where the gap says seven minutes, the scan is missing breaks; if it finds more, it is matching content. This reframes the intro/outro question. The head window is 240 seconds, which was chosen to comfortably contain an intro. With a variable-length pre-roll in front of it, a show's real intro sits at a *different offset in every file* — which the scan does handle, since it searches the window rather than a fixed position — but the window now has to contain pre-roll **plus** intro, and the pre-roll is the thing most likely to produce a false match between two close-together fetches. --- ## What the desktop session actually found Run against the four Up First episodes already cached from the original prototype (`npr/ep1..4_head.wav`, `npr/ep1..4_tail.wav`, 240s at 8kHz each), reusing the same `normalized_xcorr`/`best_match` primitive as `AudioCorrelation.kt` -- unmodified, so this is a direct check of what the app itself computes, not an approximation of it. **The leading hypothesis is disproven.** Simulating `IntroOutroDetector.findCandidate` exactly -- an 8-second window, quarter-window step, global search in the other clip -- at the app's real `DEFAULT_REFERENCE_SECONDS = 8` and `MIN_SCORE = 0.6`: | pair | intro r | intro position | outro r | outro position | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ep1→ep2 | 0.821 | a=44.0s b=44.0s | 0.999 | a=184.0s b=166.9s | | ep1→ep3 | 0.807 | a=44.0s b=46.7s | 0.994 | a=226.0s b=184.0s | | ep1→ep4 | 0.998 | a=90.0s b=93.7s | 0.995 | a=184.0s b=166.4s | | ep2→ep3 | 0.805 | a=44.0s b=46.7s | 0.997 | a=180.0s b=184.3s | | ep2→ep4 | 0.864 | a=44.0s b=49.3s | 0.997 | a=168.0s b=167.4s | | ep3→ep4 | 0.793 | a=46.0s b=48.7s | 0.998 | a=172.0s b=167.2s | Every pair clears 0.6 at both ends, several by a wide margin. The 8-second window is not too wide for the sting -- it finds it cleanly regardless of exactly how much of the window is "extra" content around it. **Pre-roll varies a lot, and the algorithm doesn't care.** The intro lands anywhere from 44s to 94s into the head window across these four episodes -- up to 50 seconds of variability -- and the global search finds it at every position tried. This is the "competing hypothesis" from the first draft of this doc, and it is real (pre-roll length does vary) but it does not defeat detection, because `findCandidate` was already built to search the whole window rather than assume a fixed position. **The resampler is not it either.** `MediaCodecClipSource.resample` is naive linear interpolation, not a proper anti-aliasing filter, and the worry was that downsampling 44.1kHz mp3 to 8kHz that way could be degrading correlation enough to matter. Decoded the same episode's native 44.1kHz stereo, downmixed and resampled with the exact linear-interpolation formula from `MediaCodecClipSource.kt`, and compared: **0.9991 correlation against a proper (ffmpeg/swresample) decode of the same audio**, and re-running the full production simulation with the naively resampled clip still confirms at r=0.821 -- indistinguishable from the ffmpeg path. Ruled out. **A same-episode re-fetch, three days apart, is byte-identical for ~50 seconds and then diverges completely.** The exact same episode URL, fetched fresh today against a copy saved 2026-09-26: zero-lag correlation is 1.000 for every 5-second block from 0s to 45s, then falls to ~0 (pure noise) for every block from 50s to 240s. Whatever comes after the intro is not stable across fetches -- consistent with, and sharper evidence for, the "dynamic ad insertion is the environment" finding above -- but the intro itself sits inside the stable prefix, so this does not threaten intro detection specifically. It is a fresh reason to be careful trusting anything found much later in a head/tail window, and matches why outro detection uses the *tail*, not a position computed from the (unreliable) declared duration. **The Darknet Diaries trap re-checked (experiment 6) without a new fetch.** The midroll prototype work already re-fetched this exact pair: a ~51-second segment at position 0 matches at r≈1.000 across `dd_179` and `dd_178` (2026), `dd_177` (2026) and `dd_008` from **2017** -- nine years apart, fetched today. A truly rotating, per-request DAI ad reproducing identically against a specific nine-year-old archived fetch, by chance, is not plausible. This still looks like Darknet Diaries' real, stable intro, not the trap the threshold exists to catch -- which doesn't make the threshold wrong (a genuinely rotating ad would still be caught the same way), just confirms this particular historical match was likely a false alarm rather than evidence of one. --- ## What to check on the phone Everything above rules out the algorithm and its tuned constants as an explanation, on real Up First audio, at the app's real settings. That leaves the actual on-device run as the place to look, and none of it can be done from this sandbox: - **What did the three downloaded episodes actually decode to?** A quick temporary log of `clip.samples.size` and a couple of sample values in `FingerprintUpdater.process` would show whether `MediaCodecClipSource` produced a full ~240s clip each time, or something truncated -- a decode that silently stops early would explain "nothing found" without any correlation math being wrong. - **Did all three `FingerprintWorker` runs actually complete and persist?** `adb shell` + `sqlite3` against `show_fingerprints` after each download would show `confirmedCount` climbing toward 3 (or not) and whether `pendingEpisodeId` ever got set at all -- distinguishing "never got past Waiting" from "got to Tentative and stalled," which "Nothing found yet" in the UI cannot. - **Were the three episodes actually three *different* episodes?** `IntroOutroDetector.check`'s dedup guard silently no-ops on an id it has already seen (`lastConfirmedEpisodeId` or `pendingEpisodeId`) -- worth ruling out that a re-queued or re-triggered download fed the same episode through twice. ## Experiments, in order (updated) 1. ~~Quantify pre-roll variability.~~ **Done above** -- 44s to 94s across four episodes, and it does not defeat the search. 2. ~~Locate and measure a real intro.~~ **Done above** -- the table gives exact positions; the 6-second figure from the earlier note was in the right neighbourhood but pre-roll length, not sting length, turned out to be the variable that mattered. 3. Sweep `MIN_SCORE` in a *falsely-confirms* direction, not a make-it-pass direction: now that the real default already confirms cleanly, the useful question is how much margin there is before it would start confirming something wrong, not whether a lower threshold helps. 4. **Check 240 seconds is still enough**, on a worse show than Up First. Still open. 5. **Validate midroll totals against `insertedAdMs`.** Still open; no `insertedAdMs`-bearing show was fetched fresh this session. 6. ~~Re-check the Darknet Diaries trap.~~ **Done above**, using data the midroll prototype session already had cached -- still looks like a real intro, not a trap. 7. **New, and now the actual priority: get on-device state**, per "What to check on the phone." Desktop simulation has done what it can without knowing what the phone actually saw. --- ## Do not - **Do not change `DEFAULT_REFERENCE_SECONDS`, `MIN_SCORE` or `CONFIRM_THRESHOLD` from the app.** They are tuned numbers and the app cannot show you what a change costs in false positives. - **Do not persist a decoded clip in a database row.** See the CursorWindow note. - **Do not read `EpisodeEntity.durationMs` when you mean the real length.** It is the feed's claim, it is rewritten on every refresh, and on these shows it is minutes short. Use `playbackDurationMs`. - **Do not lower the confirmation threshold to make something confirm.** Failing to skip is a non-event; skipping real content is the failure that loses trust in the feature. --- ## Environment note YouTube extraction and resolution **cannot be exercised from tungsten** — every watch URL gets a 302 to a bot-check page. Anything touching YouTube has to be verified on the phone. Podcast feeds, Room migrations, playback and the fingerprint pipeline are all fine on the emulator.